@Article{AbduSRGHRCSB:1996:ZoWiDi,
               author = "Abdu, Mangalathayil Ali and Sobral, Jos{\'e} Humberto Andrade and 
                         Richards, P. and Gonzalez, Marta M. de and Huang, Y. N. and Reddy, 
                         B. M. and Cheng, K. and Szuszczewicz, E. P. and Batista, Inez 
                         Staciarini and 26729-26740",
                title = "Zonal/meridional wind and disturbance dynamo electric field 
                         control of the low-latitude ionosphere based on the SUNDIAL/ATLAS 
                         1 Campaign",
              journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research",
                 year = "1996",
               volume = "101",
               number = "A12",
                month = "dec.",
             keywords = "AERONOMIA, perturbacoes ionosf{\'e}ricas, campos eletricos, 
                         regioes tropicais (baixa latitude), ionospheric distrurbances, 
                         eletric fields, tropical regions (low latitudes).",
             abstract = "We present an evaluation of global-scale equatorial and low 
                         latitude ionospheric disturbances in response to the 
                         weak-to-moderate disturbed conditions that marked the 
                         SUNDIAL/ATLAS1 twelve-day campaign of March 22 to April 2, 1992. 
                         Ionosonde data from South American and Indian-Asian longitudes are 
                         analyzed to examine first the climatological (the average) pattern 
                         of the critical F region parameters (the layer peak density and 
                         height) in comparison with the empirical International Reference 
                         Ionospheric model, and then to characterize the day-to-day 
                         variabilities aiming at identifying potential causal contributions 
                         from either disturbance zonal and meridional winds or 
                         magnetospheric, and disturbance dynamo electric fields. Included 
                         in this analysis are data from South American midlatitude 
                         locations which are used to determine meridional winds using an 
                         adaptation of the servo analysis technique in the Field Line 
                         Integrated Plasma (FLIP) model. We have made an assessment of the 
                         causal mechanism of the day-to-day variabilities as arising from 
                         latitude dependent disturbance meridional winds, and from electric 
                         fields produced by disturbance zonal winds and disturbance dynamo. 
                         While the contribution from disturbance meridional winds decreases 
                         from middle to equatorial latitudes, that of the electric fields 
                         maximizes around the equator. In particular, first-time evidence 
                         based on ionosonde data is provided for a disturbance dynamo 
                         electric field in the equatorial ionosphere. It is found that 
                         there are two time intervals of maximum ionospheric variability 
                         resulting from the weak to moderate magnetospheric; disturbance 
                         conditions that prevailed during the campaign: one near the 
                         evening/postsunset hours and the other in the postmidnight-sunrise 
                         hours over low latitudes. At midlatitudes a broad maximum of the 
                         response occurs from premidnight to morning hours. We provide a 
                         comparison of results for the South American and Indian-Asian 
                         longitudes and a discussion of the competing roles of the 
                         disturbance zonal and meridional winds, and magnetospheric and 
                         disturbance dynamo electric fields as a function of latitude.",
                 issn = "0148-0227 and 2156-2202",
                label = "8098",
           targetfile = "8399.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "08 maio 2024"
}